The distortion of in - plane fibers is considered to be the main reason for the effect of stitching on the in - plane mechanical properties , and the fiber distortion region , the resin - rich pocket and the through - thickness reinforcement section are taken into account . the fiber misalignment angle and the inhomogeneous fiber volume fraction caused by stitching have been determined within the lamina . the elastic constants of a lamina are calculated using a micromechanical model , then the constitutive equations of the stitched composite laminates can be composed 从缝纫孔附近纤维变形的细观结构出发，建立的纤维弯曲模型，以面内纤维的弯曲变形作为缝纫影响层合板面内力学性能的主要原因，同时考虑了纤维变形区、厚度增强区以及树脂富集区的影响，得到单向板内任意一点处的纤维偏转角和纤维体积百分含量。
In order to study the influence of evolvement of permeation character induced by mesoscopic structural characteristics on macroscopic mechanical behavior and fracture mechanism , a nonlinear constitutive equations describing the relationship between damage of rock and seepage is proposed based on mesoscopic damage mechanics and biot seepage mechanics theory and coupling system of flow & solid in rock failure process analysis , f - rfpa2d , is developed to simulate the variation of permeability as well as coupling mechanism between seepage and stress during the initiation , propagation and coalescence of cracks in rock . this study also extends the research field of original rfpa2d 为了分析细观结构特性变化引起渗透性演化对宏观力学行为的影响,并进行渗流应力耦合作用下岩石破裂机制的研究,本文基于细观损伤力学和biot经典渗流力学,建立了岩体损伤非线性本构方程和渗透率关系模型,开发出岩石破裂过程渗流-应力耦合分析系统( couplingsystemofflow & solidinrockfailureprocessanalysis简称f - rfpa2d ) ,拓宽了原有程序rfpa2d的研究领域。
Like the active control , acld has a lot to be studied because there are a lot of problems such as : the constitutive equation of smart materials is very complicated ; the feedback control methods should be improved ; it is very difficult to deploy and optimize the sensors and actuators ; it is complicated to collect and feedback correctly the information of the structures without any time delay 和主动控制结构一样，由于压电结构本构关系比较复杂，控制策略还有待于进一步完善，如何配置和优化传感器以及作动器，如何准确的采集和反馈结构的信息以及控制反馈的时间滞后等问题的存在，压电智能结构的振动控制问题还有待于进一步的研究。
At the meantime , the rock mass may alternate between loading and unloading and it exists in certain kind of liquid , such as surface water , unconfined water , confined water etc for its intrinsic crannies . the practical rock mass concerned project must solve the key stability pr oblem after the understanding of the complicated mechanical characteristic and the deformation trends to guide the following project design and construction for the demand of security , economy , feasibility and validity . however , the intrinsic nonlinearness and complexity of the engineering rock mass become the main difficulty to predict the stability and deformation , the corresponding structure design must ensure enough safety with all the determinate or random force combination , so a model without the geometry distortion and constitutive equation warp is necessary to be built for the quantificational analysis of practical structure ' s stress , for the simulation of the real process and for the determinate evaluation system and optimization 由于实际工程岩体其固有的非线性和复杂性，使得求解对应的诸如其稳定性、变形等问题面临较大的困难，而有关的工程结构的设计必须保证该结构在外来因素的作用下具有足够的安全度、经济性和合理性，这必然要求对岩体及其工程结构的受力与变形有一套量化评判体系和优化技术，抓住实际工程问题的本质特征并建立可行的符合几何仿真、本构仿真、受力仿真、过程仿真四原则的求解模型，通过该模型的数值模拟成果来指导岩体工程的设计、施工及运营、管理；而岩体结构面的存在使得基于传统连续介质力学理论的理论分析和数值模拟面临巨大的挑战，物理模拟的试验周期和成本也大大增加，而岩土体工程问题则成为典型的数据有限、了解程度有限类问题，这类问题的解决需要综合应用理论分析、经验判断、物理模拟和数值模拟等方法，数值模拟可以完成目前许多技术手段无法完成的实验，如参数控制，复杂条件下的边界条件的处理，同时数值模拟具有高可重复性，且数值模拟的成本和人力开销等远低于物理模拟，因此研究岩土体工程问题的流形元数值模拟方法是一项具有理论和实际工程应用价值的重要课题。
According to the points of the question for discussion , this paper described the dynamic property of the rocks , then recommended the constitutive equations which could simulate the dynamic characteristic of the rock and analyzed the limitations of the models . at the same time , we believed that the static constitutive equations must have applied to the dynamic analysis because of the comparability of static and dynamic constitutive curves 根据所要研究问题的特点，本文从分析岩石的动力变形特征、力学特性开始，介绍了适用于模拟岩石动力特性的本构模型，分析其各自的特点以及局限性，同时认为由于静、动本构关系曲线在外形具有一定的相似性，在一定的范围内允许岩体结构的动力分析中采用静力本构模型。
( 2 ) using craze density dcraze ( , ) to illustrate the damage degree of material , considering strain equivalent hypothesis , non - linear visco - elastic constitutive equation of pmma taken into consideration of the operation of craze damage is arrived . the pmma sheet is loaded under different forces to validate the non - linear visco - elastic constitutive equation with damage . the result shows that the theory curves obtained by the nonlinear viscoelasticity constitutive relation agrees with experimental data considerably well ( 2 )用银纹密度d _ ( craze ) ( ， t )来描述材料的损伤度d ，在考虑应变等效性假设的基础上，得到了pmma材料考虑损伤的非线性粘弹性材料的本构关系，运用此方程对材料在不同载荷水平下进行蠕变实验，从而对蠕变条件下的应变响应进行模拟和预报。
